| Society IStructure | - Malthus (1798): population outstrips food supply; positive and preventive checks; why his predictions failed
- Demographic transition and replacement level; birth, death, infant and maternal mortality rates
- Dependency ratio = (population below 15 + above 64) ÷ population aged 15–64 × 100; the demographic dividend
- Sex ratio and the declining child sex ratio; literacy differences by gender, region and social group
- Rural–urban differences and India's population policy, including the sterilisation drive during the Emergency
- Dependency ratio
- Demographic dividend
- Replacement level
- Sex ratio
| Indian Society Ch 2 |
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| Society IIInstitutions | - Family types; matrilineal and patrilineal descent; matrilocal and patrilocal residence
- Varna and jati; endogamy, hereditary occupation, purity and pollution; caste in the 1901 Census under Herbert Risley
- Tribe: classification by permanent and acquired traits; isolation versus integration debates
- Market as a social institution: Adam Smith and the 'invisible hand', Marx on commodities and surplus value, Weber's 'status symbol'
- Dhorai weekly tribal market in Bastar; Nakarattar caste-based banking; commodification and the Pushkar fair
- Endogamy
- Matrilocal
- Commodification
- Status symbol
| Indian Society Ch 3–4 |
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| Society IIIInequality and exclusion | - Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination; social exclusion
- Untouchability's three dimensions: exclusion, humiliation-subordination and exploitation; Article 17
- Laws: Caste Disabilities Removal Act (1850), SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act (1989); reservations for SCs, STs and OBCs
- Adivasi displacement by mines and dams; women reformers: Rammohun Roy, Ranade, Jotiba Phule, Tarabai Shinde (Stree Purush Tulana, 1882), Begum Rokeya (Sultana's Dream, 1905)
- Disability as a social construct
- Social exclusion
- Untouchability
- Stereotype
| Indian Society Ch 5 |
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| Society IVUnity and diversity | - Ascriptive identities and why they inspire strong loyalty
- Nation as a 'community of communities'; Weber's definition of the state; assimilationist and integrationist policies
- India as a 'state-nation'; linguistic states and the SRC of 1956; regionalism
- Rights of minorities, communalism, secularism in the Indian sense, and the authoritarian state
- Civil society and its role, for example in the campaign for the Right to Information
- Ascriptive identity
- Assimilation
- Communalism
- Civil society
| Indian Society Ch 6 |
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| Change ISocial-change processes | - Colonialism, forest laws and tea plantations in Assam; decline of older towns such as Surat and Masulipatnam and rise of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
- Social reform movements and the ideas behind them
- M.N. Srinivas: Sanskritisation (adoption of the customs of 'twice-born' castes) and de-Sanskritisation
- Westernisation as defined by Srinivas; modernisation and secularisation
- Dominant castes and claims to higher status
- Sanskritisation
- Westernisation
- Secularisation
| Social Change Ch 1–2 |
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| Change IIPolity | - Constitutional norms and social justice; judicial interpretation of Articles 14, 19 and 21
- Debates on panchayats in the Constituent Assembly (Ambedkar's doubts, Gandhi's gram swaraj)
- 73rd Amendment (1992): three tiers in states with over twenty lakh people, elections every five years, one-third seats for women, SC/ST reservation
- Nyaya panchayats, van panchayats in Uttarakhand, traditional tribal councils in Meghalaya
- Political parties, pressure and interest groups such as FICCI, INTUC and Shetkari Sangathan
- 73rd Amendment
- Gram Sabha
- Pressure group
| Social Change Ch 3 |
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| Change IIIEconomy | - Agrarian structure and Srinivas's dominant castes
- Land reforms: zamindari abolition, tenancy abolition and regulation, land ceiling acts and benami transfers
- Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s: HYV seeds, irrigated wheat and rice areas, differentiation and displacement of service castes
- Industrialisation after independence, liberalisation and disinvestment
- Organised and unorganised work, home-based work such as bidi rolling, the Mumbai textile strike of 1982
- Benami transfer
- Green Revolution
- Liberalisation
| Social Change Ch 4–5 |
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| Change IVNew arenas | - Print from Gutenberg (1440); Benedict Anderson's nation as an 'imagined community'
- Radio and All India Radio; television from 1959, SITE (1975–76), Doordarshan; private satellite channels after 1991; private FM from 2002
- Media during the Emergency; commercialisation and globalisation of media
- Globalisation: transnational corporations, outsourcing, WTO; glocalisation and cultural change
- Effects on weavers, fishing communities and other workers
- Imagined community
- Glocalisation
- Transnational corporation
| Social Change Ch 6–7 |
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| Change VSocial movements | - Features of social movements; redemptive, reformist and revolutionary movements; old and new social movements
- Workers: AITUC (1920); peasants: Tebhaga (1946–47), Telangana (1946–51), Naxalbari (1967), new farmers' movements
- Dalit movement (Mahar, Satnami, Ambedkar), backward-caste movements and upper-caste responses
- Tribal movements such as Jharkhand; women's movements after independence
- Chipko movement in the Himalayan foothills: economy, ecology and political representation
- Reformist movement
- New social movement
- Chipko
| Social Change Ch 8 |
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