| 1Unit 1: Psychological attributes | - Individual differences and methods of psychological assessment (tests, interview, case study, observation, self-report)
- Theories: Binet, Spearman's g and s, Thurstone's seven primary abilities, Jensen's Level I/II, Guilford's 180-cell structure-of-intellect
- Gardner's multiple intelligences, Sternberg's triarchic theory and the PASS model of Das, Naglieri and Kirby
- IQ = MA ÷ CA × 100 and the IQ classification table; intellectual disability and giftedness
- Culture and intelligence (technological vs integral, buddhi), emotional intelligence (Salovey and Mayer)
- Aptitude tests (independent vs multiple batteries such as DAT) and creativity
- g-factor
- Mental age
- PASS model
- Emotional quotient
| Ch 1 |
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| 2Unit 2: Self and personality | - Personal and social identity, self-esteem, Bandura's self-efficacy, self-regulation and culture and self
- Type approaches: tridosha and triguna, Sheldon's body types, Jung's introvert/extravert, Friedman and Rosenman's Type-A/B
- Trait approaches: Allport's cardinal, central and secondary traits, Cattell's 16 source traits, Eysenck's dimensions, the Big Five
- Freud's levels of consciousness, id-ego-superego and defence mechanisms; post-Freudians (Jung, Horney, Adler, Fromm, Erikson)
- Behavioural, cultural and humanistic (Rogers, Maslow) approaches
- Assessment: MMPI, EPQ, 16 PF, projective tests (Rorschach, TAT, sentence completion, draw-a-person) and behavioural analysis
- Self-efficacy
- Cardinal traits
- Reaction formation
- Projective technique
| Ch 2 |
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| 3Unit 3: Life challenges | - Eustress and distress; Lazarus's primary and secondary appraisal
- Physical, environmental, psychological and social stress; frustration, conflict and pressures; life events and daily hassles
- Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome: alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion; psychoneuroimmunology
- Endler and Parker's task-, emotion- and avoidance-oriented coping; relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, creative visualisation
- Kobasa's hardiness (commitment, control, challenge), life skills, resilience and positive health
- General Adaptation Syndrome
- Hardiness
- Biofeedback
| Ch 3 |
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| 4Unit 4: Psychological disorders | - The four Ds (deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger); DSM-5 and ICD-10 classification
- Biological, psychological and sociocultural factors; the diathesis-stress model
- Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, trauma-related (PTSD), somatic symptom and dissociative disorders
- Depressive and bipolar disorders; schizophrenia's positive, negative and psychomotor symptoms
- Neurodevelopmental (ADHD, autism, intellectual disability), disruptive/conduct, eating and substance-related disorders
- Diathesis-stress model
- Dissociative fugue
- Avolition
- Conversion disorder
| Ch 4 |
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| 5Unit 5: Therapeutic approaches | - Therapeutic alliance, empathy, unconditional positive regard and confidentiality
- Behaviour therapy: antecedent and consequent operations, aversive conditioning, token economy, Wolpe's systematic desensitisation, modelling
- Cognitive therapy: Ellis's rational emotive therapy (ABC analysis), Beck's core schemas; CBT
- Humanistic-existential: Frankl's logotherapy, Rogers's client-centred therapy, Perls's gestalt therapy
- Healing factors (catharsis, non-specific factors), ethics, yoga and meditation, and rehabilitation
- Reciprocal inhibition
- ABC analysis
- Logotherapy
| Ch 5 |
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| 6Unit 6: Attitude and social cognition | - ABC components of attitude and its features: valence, extremeness, simplicity/complexity, centrality
- Attitude formation through association, reward, modelling, group norms and exposure to information
- Attitude change: Heider's balance (P-O-X), Festinger's cognitive dissonance, Mohsin's two-step concept
- Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination; sources such as scapegoating, kernel of truth and self-fulfilling prophecy
- Handling prejudice: education, intergroup contact under the right conditions, highlighting individual identity
- P-O-X triangle
- Cognitive dissonance
- Scapegoating
| Ch 6 |
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| 7Unit 7: Social influence and groups | - Group features and why people join groups; Tuckman's forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
- Primary vs secondary, formal vs informal, ingroup vs outgroup; groupthink (Janis)
- Social loafing: causes and ways to reduce it
- Group polarisation: new arguments, bandwagon effect and ingroup identification
- Social loafing
- Group polarisation
- Groupthink
| Ch 7 |
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