| Human geography INature and scope | - Definitions: Ratzel (synthesis), Ellen C. Semple (dynamism), Paul Vidal de la Blache
- Naturalisation of humans and humanisation of nature; environmental determinism and possibilism
- Griffith Taylor's neodeterminism or 'stop and go' determinism
- Approaches over time: exploration and description, regional analysis, areal differentiation (1930s), spatial organisation (late 1950s–1960s, quantitative revolution)
- 1970s welfare/humanistic, radical (Marxian) and behavioural schools; post-modernism in the 1990s; fields and sub-fields
- Possibilism
- Neodeterminism
- Quantitative revolution
| Fundamentals Ch 1 |
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| Human geography IIPeople | - Factors in distribution and density: geographical, economic, social and cultural
- Components of change: CBR and CDR per thousand, migration push and pull factors
- Natural growth = births − deaths; actual growth = births − deaths + in-migration − out-migration
- Three-stage demographic transition theory; Malthus (1798) and population control measures
- Human development: Mahbub-ul-Haq and Amartya Sen, the four pillars (equity, sustainability, productivity, empowerment), HDI and international comparisons
- Crude birth rate
- Demographic transition
- Human Development Index
| Fundamentals Ch 2–3 |
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| Human geography IIIHuman activities | - Primary: gathering, nomadic herding and transhumance, commercial ranching, shifting cultivation (jhuming, milpa, ladang), plantations, mixed, dairy, Mediterranean, market gardening and truck farming, co-operative and collective (Kolkhoz) farming; mining
- Secondary: classification by size, raw material, product and ownership; household, small-scale and large-scale manufacturing; agro-processing; footloose and high-tech industries, technopolis
- Tertiary: trade, periodic markets, transport, tourism, medical tourism
- Quaternary and quinary: outsourcing, BPO and KPO, 'gold collar' decision-makers, the digital divide
- Transhumance
- Truck farming
- KPO
- Footloose industry
| Fundamentals Ch 4–6 |
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| Human geography IVTransport, communication and trade | - Transcontinental railways: Trans-Siberian (St Petersburg–Vladivostok), Trans-Canadian (Halifax–Vancouver), Union and Pacific, Australian (Perth–Sydney), Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul)
- Ocean routes, the Suez Canal (1869, sea-level, about 160 km) and the Panama Canal (about 72 km, with locks); Rhine and Volga waterways
- Air routes, the Big Inch pipeline, satellites and cyberspace
- Trade: volume, composition, direction and balance of trade; bilateral and multilateral trade; dumping
- WTO (1995, successor to GATT); ports: packet stations, entrepot ports, ports of call
- Balance of trade
- Entrepot port
- Dumping
| Fundamentals Ch 7–8 |
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| India IPopulation | - Census 2011: 1,210 million people; density 382 per sq km (17 in Arunachal Pradesh, 11,297 in Delhi)
- Most populous states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal
- Growth phases: stagnant 1901–21, steady 1921–51, population explosion 1951–81, slowing growth after 1981
- Linguistic families (Indo-Aryan about 73 per cent) and religious composition
- Rural–urban composition and the working population: main and marginal workers, cultivators, agricultural labourers
- Population density
- Population explosion
- Work participation rate
| India: People and Economy Ch 1 |
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| India IISettlements | - Rural settlement types: clustered, semi-clustered, hamleted and dispersed, with the factors behind each
- Evolution of towns: ancient, medieval and modern towns
- Urbanisation in India and classification of urban centres by population size
- Functional classification: administrative, industrial, transport, commercial, mining, garrison cantonment, educational, religious and tourist towns
- Hamleted settlement
- Functional classification
- Garrison town
| India: People and Economy Ch 2 |
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| India IIIResources and development | - Land use categories, net sown area, fallow and culturable waste; common property resources; kharif, rabi and zaid seasons; major crops
- Water: 2.45 per cent of world area, 4 per cent of water resources; utilisable water 1,122 cubic km; watershed programmes such as Haryali, Neeru-Meeru (Andhra Pradesh), Arvary Pani Sansad (Alwar) and Ralegan Siddhi
- Minerals: ferrous and non-ferrous belts, Bailadila, Kudremukh; coal in Gondwana and Tertiary rocks; Digboi and Mumbai High
- Energy: thermal, hydel, nuclear (Tarapur), wind, solar, tidal, geothermal (Manikaran)
- Target-area planning, Hill Area and Drought Prone Area programmes; Bharmaur ITDP case study; Brundtland Report and sustainable development
- Net sown area
- Watershed management
- Target-area planning
- Sustainable development
| India: People and Economy Ch 3–6 |
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| India IVTransport, communication and trade | - Roads: Golden Quadrilateral, North-South and East-West corridors; railways including the Konkan Railway; national waterways
- Pipelines and communication: radio, television, satellites (INSAT, IRS) and the internet
- Changing composition and direction of India's foreign trade
- Ports: Deendayal (Kandla), Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Kochi, Kolkata–Haldia, Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Kamarajar, V.O. Chidambaranar
- Hinterland
- Satellite port
- Golden Quadrilateral
| India: People and Economy Ch 7–8 |
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| India VSelected issues | - Types and sources of pollution; Ganga and Yamuna; Namami Gange; noise measured in decibels
- Urban waste disposal and the Swachh Bharat Mission
- Rural–urban migration and slums; Dharavi as Asia's largest slum
- Land degradation: wastelands caused by natural agents versus natural and human factors
- Jhabua district (Madhya Pradesh) watershed case study among the Bhils; Petlawad block
- Land degradation
- Wasteland
- Slum
| India: People and Economy Ch 9 |
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