| Section ADatabase concepts | - File system limits: redundancy, inconsistency, unauthorised access and data dependence; what a DBMS adds
- Relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree and cardinality
- Candidate, primary, alternate and foreign keys, with how a foreign key links two tables
- Relational algebra: selection, projection, union, set difference and Cartesian product (degree adds, cardinality multiplies)
- Degree
- Cardinality
- Alternate key
- Foreign key
| CS Ch 8 |
|---|
| Section ASQL I | - DDL (CREATE, ALTER, DROP), DQL (SELECT) and DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE); DELETE versus DROP
- MySQL data types such as CHAR versus VARCHAR, INT, FLOAT and DATE
- SELECT with WHERE, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE with % and _, and IS NULL
- POWER(), ROUND(N,D) and MOD()
- UPPER/LOWER, MID/SUBSTRING/SUBSTR, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, INSTR (0 if absent), LTRIM, RTRIM, TRIM
- DDL
- ALTER TABLE
- INSTR()
- RTRIM()
| CS Ch 9 · IP Ch 1 |
|---|
| Section ASQL II | - NOW(), DATE(), MONTH(), MONTHNAME(), YEAR(), DAY() and DAYNAME()
- MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM and COUNT ignore NULLs; COUNT(*) counts every row
- GROUP BY with HAVING (filters groups) versus WHERE (filters rows); ORDER BY ASC/DESC
- UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS and Cartesian product; equi-join on a common column using two tables
| CS Ch 9 · IP Ch 1 |
|---|
| Section ANetworks | - ARPANET to the Internet; PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN with examples
- Modem, Ethernet card (NIC), RJ45, repeater, hub, switch, router and gateway
- Mesh, ring, bus, star and tree topologies: cabling, failure effects and cost
- MAC address (48-bit, burnt into the NIC) versus IP address (IPv4 32-bit, logical, can change)
- Internet (the network) versus the World Wide Web (a service on it)
- Switch
- Gateway
- MAC address
- Star topology
| CS Ch 10 · IP Ch 5 |
|---|
| B1B1: Python exceptions and filesSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Syntax errors versus exceptions; built-in ones such as ZeroDivisionError, NameError, TypeError, ValueError, IndexError, KeyError, IOError
- raise and assert; try-except-else-finally and the order in which the blocks run
- Text versus binary files; open(), close() and the with clause; modes r, w, a, r+, w+, a+, rb, wb
- read(), readline(), readlines(), write(), writelines(); tell() and seek() offsets
- pickle.dump() and pickle.load() for binary files
- finally clause
- File mode
- seek()
- Pickling
| CS Ch 1–2 |
|---|
| B1B1: StacksSection A + B1: Computer Science | - LIFO principle; push, pop, peek/top, isEmpty, overflow and underflow
- List implementation with append() and pop()
- Infix, prefix and postfix notation; operator precedence
- Infix-to-postfix conversion with a stack
- Evaluating a postfix expression by pushing operands and applying each operator to the top two
| CS Ch 3 |
|---|
| B1B1: QueuesSection A + B1: Computer Science | - FIFO principle with front and rear; enqueue, dequeue, isEmpty, peek, size
- List implementation with append() and pop(0)
- Deque: insertion and deletion at both ends, usable as a stack or a queue
- Applications such as print queues and palindrome checking with a deque
| CS Ch 4 |
|---|
| B1B1: SearchingSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Linear search: works on any list; best case 1 comparison, worst case n
- Binary search: needs a sorted list; halves the range with mid = (low + high) // 2
- Dry runs counting comparisons; worst case about log2 n for binary search
- Hashing with the remainder method h(x) = x % table size; collision and the idea of collision resolution
- Binary search
- Hash function
- Collision
| CS Ch 6 |
|---|
| B1B1: SortingSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Bubble sort: adjacent swaps push the largest element to the end each pass
- Selection sort: select the minimum of the unsorted part and swap it into place
- Insertion sort: insert each element into the sorted part on its left
- Passes needed, best and worst cases; all three are O(n²) in the worst case
| CS Ch 5 |
|---|
| B1B1: Understanding dataSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Structured versus unstructured data; data collection, storage and processing
- Mean, median (sort first) and mode
- Range and standard deviation as measures of spread
- Choosing median over mean when there are outliers
- Median
- Range
- Standard deviation
| CS Ch 7 |
|---|
| B1B1: Database conceptsSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Problems with file systems and how a DBMS solves them
- Relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree and cardinality
- Candidate, primary, alternate and foreign keys
- Selection, projection, union, set difference and Cartesian product
- Candidate key
- Relation
- Projection
| CS Ch 8 |
|---|
| B1B1: SQLSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, DEFAULT, PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY
- CREATE, ALTER (ADD, MODIFY, DROP column), DROP, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
- Math, text and date functions listed in the outline
- Aggregates with GROUP BY, HAVING and ORDER BY
- UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS, Cartesian product and joins
- PRIMARY KEY
- UNIQUE
- GROUP BY
| CS Ch 9 |
|---|
| B1B1: Computer networksSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Evolution from ARPANET; PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN
- Modem, NIC, repeater, hub, switch, router and gateway
- Mesh, ring, bus, star and tree topologies
- MAC versus IP address; Internet, WWW and the Internet of Things
- DNS: domain names, DNS servers and name resolution
| CS Ch 10 |
|---|
| B1B1: Data communicationSection A + B1: Computer Science | - Simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex; circuit versus packet switching
- Twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical fibre; radio waves, microwaves and infrared
- Bluetooth and WLAN; mobile generations 1G to 5G
- HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP and TCP/IP: what each does
- Bandwidth in Hz, KHz, MHz; data transfer rate in bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps
- Half-duplex
- Packet switching
- Bandwidth
- PPP
| CS Ch 11 |
|---|
| B1B1: SecuritySection A + B1: Computer Science | - Malware: virus (needs a host and a user action), worm (standalone, self-replicating), ransomware, Trojan, spyware, adware, keyloggers
- Antivirus methods: signature-based, sandbox and heuristic detection
- Spam, cookies, firewall, and HTTP versus HTTPS
- Hackers (ethical/white hat) versus crackers (black hat)
- Denial of service, intrusion, snooping and eavesdropping
- Worm
- Firewall
- HTTPS
- DoS attack
| CS Ch 12 |
|---|
| B2B2: Database queries with SQLSection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - POWER, ROUND, MOD; UPPER/LOWER, MID, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, INSTR, LTRIM, RTRIM, TRIM
- NOW, DATE, MONTH, MONTHNAME, YEAR, DAY, DAYNAME
- MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT and COUNT(*); GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY
- UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS, Cartesian product and equi-join
- MONTHNAME()
- Aggregate function
- Equi-join
| IP Ch 1 |
|---|
| B2B2: Pandas ISection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - Pandas, NumPy and Matplotlib roles; Series versus NumPy ndarray
- Series from list, ndarray, dictionary or scalar; index alignment in arithmetic gives NaN
- head(), tail(), loc (labels, end included) and iloc (positions, end excluded); Boolean indexing
- DataFrame from dictionary of Series or list of dictionaries; add, delete (drop) and rename rows and columns
- read_csv() and to_csv(); attributes such as shape, size, index, columns, T
- Series
- DataFrame
- loc / iloc
- NaN
| IP Ch 2 |
|---|
| B2B2: Pandas IISection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quantile, std and var (NaN skipped by default)
- groupby() with aggregation; sort_values() and sort_index()
- reset_index(), set_index(), pivot() and pivot_table()
- isnull(), dropna() and fillna() for missing values
- Moving data between Pandas and MySQL with read_sql and to_sql
- groupby()
- fillna()
- Quartile
| IP Ch 3 |
|---|
| B2B2: MatplotlibSection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - plot(), bar(), hist(), pie(), scatter() and boxplot(); frequency polygon from a histogram
- Choosing a chart: trends, comparisons, distributions, parts of a whole, relationships
- Customising colour, linestyle, linewidth and marker; xlabel, ylabel, title, legend
- savefig() and show(); Pandas plot(kind=...)
- Histogram
- Box plot
- savefig()
| IP Ch 4 |
|---|
| B2B2: Networks and webSection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - LAN, MAN, WAN; modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway; star, bus, tree, mesh
- Internet, URL and WWW; email, chat and VoIP
- Website versus web page; static versus dynamic pages; web server and hosting
- Browsers, settings, add-ons and plug-ins, and cookies
- URL
- Dynamic web page
- Web hosting
- Cookie
| IP Ch 5 |
|---|
| B2B2: Societal impactsSection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - Active and passive digital footprints; net and communication etiquette
- IPR: copyright, patent, trademark; plagiarism and infringement
- Licensing: GPL, Apache, FOSS and Creative Commons licences (CC BY, BY-SA, BY-ND, BY-NC)
- Cybercrime: hacking, phishing, ransomware, cyberbullying, identity theft; IT Act 2000
- E-waste hazards and management; eyesight, posture and ergonomic concerns
- Digital footprint
- CC BY-SA
- Phishing
- IT Act
| IP Ch 6 |
|---|
| B2B2: Project-based learningSection A + B2: Informatics Practices | - Project-based learning: identify the problem, plan, gather information, build, test and present
- Approaches for solving projects in a group
- Components of teamwork: communicate, listen, share, respect and help others
- Short project descriptions in the NCERT chapter as practice
| IP Ch 7 |
|---|